Kings and prophets, on the same clock.
Keep Israel and Judah on separate tracks, then see which prophetic voices overlap each reign. Dates remain approximate where royal synchronisms permit more than one reconstruction.
- SaulUnitedlate 11th century BCESamuelFirst king; reign length and absolute placement vary by reconstruction. 1 Samuel 8–31
- DavidUnitedc. 1010–970 BCENathan, GadRules first in Hebron and then from Jerusalem. 2 Samuel 1–24 · 1 Chronicles 11–29
- SolomonUnitedc. 970–930 BCENathan, AhijahTemple builder; the division follows his death. 1 Kings 1–11 · 2 Chronicles 1–9
- Jeroboam IIsraelc. 930–909 BCEAhijahFirst ruler of the northern kingdom. 1 Kings 11:26–14:20
- OmriIsraelc. 885–874 BCENo prophet named in this overviewEstablishes Samaria as the northern capital. 1 Kings 16:15–28
- AhabIsraelc. 874–853 BCEElijah, MicaiahThe Elijah cycle and conflict over Naboth’s vineyard frame his reign. 1 Kings 16:29–22:40
- JehuIsraelc. 841–814 BCEElishaOverthrows Ahab’s house; associated with tribute on the Black Obelisk. 2 Kings 9–10
- Jeroboam IIIsraelc. 793–753 BCEJonah, Amos, HoseaA period of expansion and prosperity under sharp prophetic criticism. 2 Kings 14:23–29 · Amos 1:1 · Hosea 1:1
- HosheaIsraelc. 732–722 BCEHoseaLast king of Israel before the Assyrian capture of Samaria. 2 Kings 17
- RehoboamJudahc. 930–913 BCEShemaiahSolomon’s son and first king of the separate southern kingdom. 1 Kings 12:1–24 · 1 Kings 14:21–31
- AsaJudahc. 911–870 BCEAzariah son of Oded, HananiA long reign remembered through reform and later conflict. 1 Kings 15:9–24 · 2 Chronicles 14–16
- JehoshaphatJudahc. 873–849 BCEJehu son of Hanani, JahazielAllies with Ahab’s house while pursuing judicial and religious reforms. 1 Kings 22:41–50 · 2 Chronicles 17–20
- UzziahJudahc. 792–740 BCEAmos, Hosea, IsaiahIsaiah’s call is dated to the year of Uzziah’s death. 2 Kings 15:1–7 · 2 Chronicles 26 · Isaiah 6:1
- AhazJudahc. 735–715 BCEIsaiah, MicahFaces the Syro-Ephraimite crisis and appeals to Assyria. 2 Kings 16 · Isaiah 7 · Micah 1:1
- HezekiahJudahc. 715–686 BCEIsaiah, MicahJerusalem survives Sennacherib’s 701 BCE campaign. 2 Kings 18–20 · Isaiah 36–39
- ManassehJudahc. 697–642 BCEUnnamed prophetsA long reign assessed very differently in Kings and Chronicles. 2 Kings 21:1–18 · 2 Chronicles 33:1–20
- JosiahJudahc. 640–609 BCEHuldah, Jeremiah, ZephaniahTemple repairs, a discovered scroll and covenant reform define the account. 2 Kings 22–23 · Jeremiah 1:1–3
- JehoiakimJudahc. 609–598 BCEJeremiah, HabakkukRules between Egyptian and Babylonian dominance; burns Jeremiah’s scroll. 2 Kings 23:34–24:7 · Jeremiah 36
- ZedekiahJudah597–587/586 BCEJeremiah, EzekielLast king before Babylon destroys Jerusalem and the temple. 2 Kings 24:18–25:7 · Jeremiah 37–39
Bars use one common scholarly reconstruction for orientation. Co-regencies and accession systems create alternatives; ranges are not presented as inspired dates.
Three crises organize the divided monarchy
The northern kingdom ends when Assyria captures Samaria in 722/721 BCE. Judah survives Sennacherib’s 701 BCE campaign but later falls to Babylon, with Jerusalem and its temple destroyed in 587/586 BCE. Those events provide a framework for reading Amos, Hosea, Isaiah, Micah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel.
Royal dates differ slightly across reference systems because Kings uses synchronisms, reign totals and accession formulas that require reconstruction. Possible co-regencies complicate the picture further. The bars above use one common orientation model; the displayed notes matter more than pixel-perfect endpoints.
Prophetic overlap is contextual, not ownership
A prophet listed beside a king is active in, or explicitly dated to, that general reign. It does not mean every chapter of the prophetic book was spoken at that court, nor that a final book took shape entirely during the named prophet’s lifetime.